Go by Example: Directories

Go fayl tizimidagi kataloglar bilan ishlash uchun bir nechta foydali funksiyaga ega.
	`package main`
	`import ( "fmt" "io/fs" "os" "path/filepath" )`
	`func check(e error) { if e != nil { panic(e) } }`
	`func main() {`
Joriy ishchi katalogda yangi quyi-katalog yaratamiz.	`err := os.Mkdir("subdir", 0755) check(err)`
Vaqtinchalik kataloglar yaratayotganda ularni o’chirishni `defer` qilish yaxshi amaliyot hisoblanadi. `os.RemoveAll` butun katalog daraxtini o’chiradi (`rm -rf` ga o’xshash).	`defer os.RemoveAll("subdir")`
Yangi bo’sh fayl yaratish uchun yordamchi funksiya.	`createEmptyFile := func(name string) { d := []byte("") check(os.WriteFile(name, d, 0644)) }`
	`createEmptyFile("subdir/file1")`
Biz `MkdirAll` bilan ota-kataloglarni ham o’z ichiga olgan kataloglar iyerarxiyasini yaratishimiz mumkin. Bu buyruq satridagi `mkdir -p` ga o’xshash.	`err = os.MkdirAll("subdir/parent/child", 0755) check(err)`
	`createEmptyFile("subdir/parent/file2") createEmptyFile("subdir/parent/file3") createEmptyFile("subdir/parent/child/file4")`
`ReadDir` katalog tarkibini ro’yxatlaydi va `os.DirEntry` obyektlari slice’ini qaytaradi.	`c, err := os.ReadDir("subdir/parent") check(err)`
	`fmt.Println("Listing subdir/parent") for _, entry := range c { fmt.Println(" ", entry.Name(), entry.IsDir()) }`
`Chdir` joriy ishchi katalogni o’zgartirishga imkon beradi, `cd` ga o’xshash.	`err = os.Chdir("subdir/parent/child") check(err)`
Endi joriy katalogni ro’yxatlaganda `subdir/parent/child` tarkibini ko’ramiz.	`c, err = os.ReadDir(".") check(err)`
	`fmt.Println("Listing subdir/parent/child") for _, entry := range c { fmt.Println(" ", entry.Name(), entry.IsDir()) }`
Boshlagan joyimizga `cd` qilib qaytamiz.	`err = os.Chdir("../../..") check(err)`
Biz katalogni rekursiv tarzda, uning barcha quyi-kataloglari bilan birga aylanib chiqishimiz ham mumkin. `WalkDir` har bir tashrif buyurilgan fayl yoki katalogni qayta ishlash uchun callback funksiyani qabul qiladi.	`fmt.Println("Visiting subdir") err = filepath.WalkDir("subdir", visit) check(err) }`
`visit` `filepath.WalkDir` tomonidan rekursiv ravishda topilgan har bir fayl yoki katalog uchun chaqiriladi.	`func visit(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error { if err != nil { return err } fmt.Println(" ", path, d.IsDir()) return nil }`

$ go run directories.go
Listing subdir/parent
  child true
  file2 false
  file3 false
Listing subdir/parent/child
  file4 false
Visiting subdir
  subdir true
  subdir/file1 false
  subdir/parent true
  subdir/parent/child true
  subdir/parent/child/file4 false
  subdir/parent/file2 false
  subdir/parent/file3 false

Keyingi misol: Temporary Files and Directories.